{"id":1281,"date":"2020-02-01T20:12:11","date_gmt":"2020-02-01T11:12:11","guid":{"rendered":"\/text\/?page_id=1281"},"modified":"2020-03-02T06:17:18","modified_gmt":"2020-03-01T21:17:18","slug":"a_breeding_13-html","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"\/text\/?page_id=1281","title":{"rendered":"A_Breeding_13.html"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">13\uff0e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d<\/h1>\n<table border=\"1\" align=\"RIGHT\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"CENTER\"><b>\u3053\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u5185\u5bb9<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"\/text\/?page_id=1281#Relationships\">\u5171\u901a\u306e\u7956\u5148\uff0d\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/text\/?page_id=1281#Coefficient_of_Relationship\">\u8840\u7e01\u4fc2\u6570<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/text\/?page_id=1281#Coefficient_of_Inbreeding\">\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/text\/?page_id=1281#Inbreeding_and_Changes_in_Genotypic_Frequencies\">\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u3068\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u578b\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u5909\u5316<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/text\/?page_id=1281#Inbreeding_Depression\">\u8fd1\u4ea4\u9000\u5316<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/text\/?page_id=1281#Computing_Relationships\">\u5f84\u8def\u4fc2\u6570\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u3089\u3073\u306b\u8fd1\u4ea4\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u4f8b<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u6700\u3082\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5c3a\u5ea6\u304c\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306f\uff0c2\u982d\u306e\u52d5\u7269\u304c\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u5272\u5408\u3092\u793a\u3059\u6570\u5024\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u4ed6\u306e\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u8840\u7e01\u306e\u8a18\u9332\u304c\u3069\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\u4e21\u89aa\u306e\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e1\/2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ea4\u914d\u306f\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u52d5\u7269\u3068\u5f37\u3044\u8840\u7e01\u304c\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u305f\u4ea4\u914d\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\uff08\u8fd1\u89aa\u3088\u308a\u3084\u3084\u5e83\u3044\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u9593\u306e\u4ea4\u914d\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u8a18\u9332\u3092\u3082\u3068\u306b\u52d5\u7269\u3092\u9078\u629c\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\uff0c\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u3092\u907f\u3051\u305f\u308a\uff0c\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u7cfb\u7d71\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u307e\u305a\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u306e\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n<a name=\"Relationships\"><\/a><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>13-1\uff0e\u5171\u901a\u306e\u7956\u5148\uff0d\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_1403\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Relationships01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1403\" src=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Relationships01-300x254.jpg\" alt=\"\u5bb6\u7cfb\u56f3\u3068\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\" width=\"300\" height=\"254\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1403\" srcset=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Relationships01-300x254.jpg 300w, \/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Relationships01.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1403\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5bb6\u7cfb\u56f3\u3068\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\uff08\u5171\u901a\u3059\u308b\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\uff09\u306f\u4e16\u4ee3\u6bce\u306b\u534a\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u52d5\u7269\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u3068\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f100%\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u89aa\u3068\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f50\uff05\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u3068\u306f25\uff05\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>\u66fe\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u3068\u306f12.5\uff05<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u53f3\u56f3\u306b\u793a\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u308f\u305a\u304b2-3\u4e16\u4ee3\u7d4c\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\uff0c\u5148\u7956\u304b\u3089\u5b50\u5b6b\u306b\u53d7\u3051\u7d99\u304c\u308c\u308b\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u5272\u5408\u306f\u8457\u3057\u304f\u6e1b\u5c11\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u534a\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u6cd5\u5247\u306f\u5168\u3066\u306e\u7956\u5148\u304c\u304a\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u3082\u305f\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u6210\u308a\u7acb\u3064\u3002\u3082\u3057\uff0c\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u3092\u542b\u3081\u305f\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u8a08\u7b97\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56f3\u4e2d\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u306e\u89e3\u8aac\u3068\u88dc\u8db3\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7236\u7cfb\u534a\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044\uff0d \u7a2e\u96c4\u725b\u304c\u540c\u3058\u3060\u304c\uff0c\u6bcd\u725b\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff1a25\uff05<\/li>\n<li>\u6bcd\u7cfb\u534a\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044\uff0d \u6bcd\u725b\u304c\u540c\u3058\u3060\u304c\uff0c\u7a2e\u96c4\u725b\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff1a25\uff05<\/li>\n<li>\u5168\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044\uff0d \u6bcd\u725b\u3082\u7a2e\u96c4\u725b\u3082\u540c\u3058\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044\uff1a50\uff05<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u5375\u6027\u53cc\u5b50\uff1a50\uff05<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u5375\u6027\u53cc\u5b50\uff1a100\uff05<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u500b\u4f53\u306e\u4e16\u4ee3\u3054\u3068\u306b\uff0c\u3042\u308b\u5bb6\u7cfb\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u5171\u901a\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u7269\u8cea\u304c\u534a\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u304c\uff0c\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u56f3\u3092\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\uff0c\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3059\u308b\u500b\u4f53\u6570\u304c\u3055\u307b\u3069\u591a\u304f\u306f\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u304b\u3064\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306b\u8fd1\u89aa\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u304c\u5bb9\u6613\u3067\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u6613\u3044\u3002\u5f8c\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u304c\u3069\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u30db\u30e2\u5316\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8868\u3059\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8003\u6848\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u5f53\u8a72\u4e16\u4ee3\u3088\u308a\u306f\u308b\u304b\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u500b\u4f53\u9593\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f0\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u500b\u4f53\u7fa4\u306f<b>\u57fa\u790e\u96c6\u56e3<\/b>\u00a0base population \u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u7b97\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8840\u7e01\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u6b63\u78ba\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304c\uff0c\u6700\u826f\u306e\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5024\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8840\u7e01\u306e\u3042\u308b\u500b\u4f53X\uff0cY\u306e\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306fa<sub>XY<\/sub>\u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u80b2\u7a2e\u4fa1\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\uff0cX\u304cY\u306e\u89aa\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\uff0c<br \/>\na<sub>XY<\/sub>\uff1d0.50<br \/>\n\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u52d5\u7269\u9593\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u305f\u3069\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6982\u5ff5\u306f\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8 Sewall Wright (1921)\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u5531\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d4c\u8def\u56f3\u3092\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f<b>\u76f4\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf<\/b>\u3068<b>\u508d\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf<\/b>\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u984c13\uff0d1a\uff0e\u76f4\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf<br \/>\n\u76f4\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf\u3068\u306f\uff0c\u89aa\u5b50\u9593\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u3068\u5b6b\u306e\u9593\u306a\u3069\u306e\u76f4\u7cfb\u306e\u8840\u65cf\u3092\u3055\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\uff0c\u500b\u4f53C\uff0cG\uff0cK\u304c\u500b\u4f53A\u306e\u76f4\u7cfb\u5b50\u5b6b\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u5bb6\u7cfb\u3092\u793a\u3059\u77e2\u7dda\u56f3\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Relationships001.gif\" width=\"363\" height=\"87\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u500b\u4f53A\u304c\u500b\u4f53C\u306b\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u534a\u6570\u3092\u4f1d\u9054\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\uff0c<br \/>\na<sub>AC<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>1<\/sup>\uff1d1\/2<\/p>\n<table border=\"\">\n<tbody>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#FFFF80\">\u500b\u4f53A\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5404\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u304c\u500b\u4f53C\u306b\u4f1d\u9054\u3055\u308c\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u306f1\/2\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u500b\u4f53C\u304c\u500b\u4f53G\u306b\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u534a\u5206\u3092\u4f1d\u9054\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\uff0c<br \/>\na<sub>AG<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)(1\/2)\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>2<\/sup>\uff1d1\/4<\/p>\n<table border=\"\">\n<tbody>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#FFFF80\">\u500b\u4f53A\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5404\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u304c\u500b\u4f53G\u306b\u4f1d\u9054\u3055\u308c\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u306f1\/4\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u540c\u69d8\u306b\uff0c<br \/>\n\uff41<sub>AK<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)(1\/2)(1\/2)\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>\uff1d1\/8<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u984c13\uff0d1b\uff0e\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u76f4\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf\u9593\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Relationships002.gif\" width=\"408\" height=\"61\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf\u9593\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u57fa\u672c\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u3042\u308b\u52d5\u7269\u500b\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u305d\u306e\u76f4\u7cfb\u7956\u5148\u307e\u3067\u306e\u4ecb\u5728\u3059\u308b<b>\u4e16\u4ee3\u6570<\/b>\uff0c\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u6570\u3048\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\uff0c\u500b\u4f53G\u3068\u500b\u4f53A\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306b3\u3064\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u4e16\u4ee3\u6570\u304c\uff0c<br \/>\nn<sub>GEA<\/sub>\uff1d2<br \/>\nn<sub>GEDA<\/sub>\uff1d3<br \/>\nn<sub>GFCA<\/sub>\uff1d3<br \/>\n\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\na<sub>AG<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)<sup><big>n<\/big><small>GEA<\/small><\/sup>\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>n<small>GEDA<\/small><\/sup>\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>n<small>GFCA<\/small><\/sup><br \/>\na<sub>AG<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>2<\/sup>\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>\uff1d 1\/2<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u305f\u3060\u3057\uff0ca<sub>EG<\/sub>\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u4f7f\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7406\u7531\u306f\u500b\u4f53E\u306e\u4e21\u89aa\u306b\u8840\u7e01\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3064\u307e\u308a\uff0c\u500b\u4f53A\u306f\u500b\u4f53D\u306e\u89aa\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\uff0cE\u306f\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u306e\u5b50\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u7956\u5148\u306b\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3053\u306e\u7ae0\u306e\u5f8c\u534a\u3067\u89e6\u308c\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u4fc2\u6570a<sub>EG<\/sub>\u306f1\/2\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\uff0c23\/32\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u984c13\uff0d1c\uff0e\u508d\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf<br \/>\n2\u982d\u306e\u52d5\u7269\u304c\uff0c1\u982d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3092\u3082\u3064\u304c\uff0c\u304a\u4e92\u3044\u306f\u76f4\u7cfb\u306e\u5b50\u5b6b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f<b>\u508d\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf<\/b>\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3082\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u6b21\u306f\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u306a\u3044\u89aaA\u3068B\u3092\u3082\u3064\u5168\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044\u306eC\u3068D\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Relationships003.gif\" width=\"166\" height=\"68\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\uff0c2\u982d\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148A\u3068B\u304c\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u500b\u4f53C\u304c\u500b\u4f53A\u304b\u3089\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u7d99\u3050\u78ba\u7387\u306f1\/2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u500b\u4f53D\u304c\u500b\u4f53A\u304b\u3089\u540c\u3058\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u7d99\u3050\u78ba\u7387\u30821\/2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\uff0c<br \/>\n1\/2\u00d71\/2\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>2<\/sup>\uff1d1\/4<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table border=\"\">\n<tbody>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#FFFF80\">\u500b\u4f53C\u3068D\u306f\u500b\u4f53A\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u8840\u65cf\uff08\u5168\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044\uff09\u3067\uff0c\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c1\/4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u500b\u4f53B\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u305fC\u3068D\u3068\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u30821\/2\u00d71\/2\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>2<\/sup>\uff1d1\/4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u306f\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\uff0c2\u982d\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u500b\u4f53C\u3068D\u3068\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\uff0c<br \/>\n1\/2\u00d71\/2\uff0b1\/2\u00d71\/2\uff1d1\/4\uff0b1\/4<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\uff0c<br \/>\na<sub>CD<\/sub>\uff1d1\/2<br \/>\n\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u508d\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf\u9593\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u57fa\u672c\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u7d4c\u8def\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u3058\u308b\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u5408\u8a08\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u5148\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u793a\u3057\u305f\u5168\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044\u306e2\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>(1\/2)<sup>n<small>CA<\/small>+n<small>AD<\/small><\/sup>\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>n<small>CB<\/small>+n<small>BD<\/small><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\uff0c<sup>n<small>CA<\/small><\/sup>\u306f\u500b\u4f53C\u304b\u3089\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148A\u307e\u3067\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u6570\u3067\uff0c<sup>n<small>AD<\/small><\/sup>\u306f\u500b\u4f53A\u304b\u3089D\u307e\u3067\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u6570\uff08\u77e2\u5370\u306e\u6570\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u540c\u69d8\u306b\uff0c<sup>n<small>CB<\/small><\/sup>\u3068<sup>n<small>BD<\/small><\/sup>\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u500b\u4f53C\u304b\u3089B\u307e\u3067\u3068\u500b\u4f53B\u304b\u3089D\u307e\u3067\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>n\u306e\u6570\u306f\u500b\u4f53C\u304b\u3089\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u500b\u4f53D\u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\uff0c<br \/>\na<sub>CD<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>n<small>CA<\/small>+n<small>AD<\/small><\/sup>\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>n<small>CB<\/small>+n<small>BD<\/small><\/sup><br \/>\n\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>1+1<\/sup>\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>1+1<\/sup><br \/>\n\uff1d1\/2<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table border=\"\">\n<tbody>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#FF00FF\">\u91cd\u8981<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#C0C0C0\">\u76f4\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf\u3068\u508d\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u57fa\u672c\u306f\u3042\u308b\u500b\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u4ed6\u306e\u500b\u4f53\u307e\u3067\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u6570\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u540c\u3058\u3060\u304c\uff0c<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u76f4\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf\u3067\u306f\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u307e\u3067\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>\u508d\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf\u3067\u306f\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u8a08\u7b97\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u52d5\u7269\u500b\u4f53\u306e<b>\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570<\/b>\u00a0inbreeding coefficient \u306f\u3042\u308b\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u306e2\u500b\u306e\u76f8\u540c\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u304c\u5b50\u5b6b\u306b\u5168\u304f\u540c\u3058\u306b\u4f1d\u308f\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u306e\u306f\u4e21\u89aa\u306b\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3060\u3051\u3067\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u4e21\u89aa\u3068\u5171\u901a\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3092\u5b50\u5b6b\u304c\u53d7\u3051\u7d99\u3050\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u500b\u4f53X\u306e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u306fF<sub>X<\/sub>\u3067\u8868\u308f\u3057\uff0c<br \/>\nF<sub>X<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)a<sub>SxDx<\/sub><br \/>\n\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\uff0ca<sub>SxDx<\/sub>\u306f\u500b\u4f53X\u306e\u7236\u89aa(S<sub>X<\/sub>)\u3068\u6bcd\u89aa(D<sub>X<\/sub>)\u3068\u306e\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u500b\u4f53\uff38\u306e\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f<br \/>\na<sub>XX<\/sub>\uff1d\uff11\uff0bF<sub>X<\/sub><br \/>\n\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n<a name=\"Coefficient_of_Relationship\"><\/a><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>13-2\uff0e\u8840\u7e01\u4fc2\u6570<\/h2>\n<p>\u8840\u7e01\u4fc2\u6570\u306f0\u304b\u30891\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3067\uff0c2\u500b\u4f53\u306e\u4f3c\u901a\u3044\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u793a\u3059\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8840\u7e01\u4fc2\u6570\u306f2\u982d\u306e\u500b\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u80b2\u7a2e\u4fa1\u9593\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u4fc2\u6570\u3068\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u3002\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u500b\u4f53\u9593\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u8840\u7e01\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u500b\u4f53\u9593\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u3053\u3053\u30672\u500b\u4f53\u3092X\u3068Y\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u8840\u7e01\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Relationships004.gif\" width=\"287\" height=\"62\" \/><br \/>\n<a name=\"Coefficient_of_Inbreeding\"><\/a><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>13-3\uff0e\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d<\/h2>\n<p><b>\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d<\/b>\u00a0inbreeding \u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u751f\u308c\u308b\u500b\u4f53\u306f\u540c\u578b(\u30db\u30e2)\u63a5\u5408\u4f53\u306b\u306a\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u305d\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3092\u8868\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4fc2\u6570\u3092\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u3082\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u3092\u793a\u3059\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3042\u308b\u500b\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308b\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u4e0a\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50(\u76f8\u540c\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50)\u304c\u5171\u901a\u306e\u7956\u5148\u907a\u4f1d\u304b\u3089\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u308b(Malecot, 1948)\u3002 \u4e00\u822c\u306bF\u307e\u305f\u306f f \u306e\u8a18\u53f7\u3067\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\uff0c\u3044\u3068\u3053\u7d50\u5a5a\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u3067\u306f F\uff1d1\/16\uff0c\u307e\u305f\u3044\u3068\u3053\u7d50\u5a5a\u3067\u306f1\/64\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3068\u3082\u89e3\u91c8\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u305d\u306e\u500b\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\uff0c\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u76f8\u540c\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5bfe\u3092\u3082\u3064\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u306e\u5272\u5408<\/li>\n<li>\u3042\u308b\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u3067\u307f\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3068\u540c\u3058\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3092\u3082\u3064\u500b\u4f53\u306e\u5272\u5408<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u6b21\u306e\u4f8b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u304c\u540c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u4eca\uff0c\u3069\u306e\u7956\u5148\u304b\u3089\u53d7\u3051\u7d99\u3044\u3060\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u304c\u5224\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b5\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u4f4d\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u578b\uff3ba<sub>1<\/sub>a<sub>8<\/sub>b<sub>6<\/sub>b<sub>6<\/sub>c<sub>7<\/sub>c<sub>8<\/sub>d<sub>4<\/sub>d<sub>4<\/sub>e<sub>1<\/sub>e<sub>6<\/sub>\uff3d<\/p>\n<p>\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50a<sub>1<\/sub>\u306f\u7956\u51481\u304b\u3089\uff0cc<sub>8<\/sub>\u306f\u7956\u51488\u304b\u3089\u7531\u6765\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3068\u540c\u4e00\u306e\u76f8\u540c\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3092\u3082\u3064\u5272\u5408\u306f5\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u306e\u3046\u30612\u3064\u3067\uff0c<br \/>\nF\uff1d2\/5\uff1d0.4<br \/>\n\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73fe\u5b9f\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7956\u5148\u304b\u3089\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u4ed6\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u304b\u3089\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n<a name=\"Inbreeding_and_Changes_in_Genotypic_Frequencies\"><\/a><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>13-4\uff0e\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u3068\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u578b\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u5909\u5316<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u30922 \u3064\u306e\u5bfe\u7acb\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3092\u3082\u30641\u3064\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u3092\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bfe\u7acb\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50A\u3068a\u304c\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u983b\u5ea6p\u3068q(q\uff1d1\uff0dp)\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u8868\u306e\u7b2c2\u5217\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30cf\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30fb\u30ef\u30a4\u30f3\u30d9\u30eb\u30b0\u306e\u5e73\u8861\u306b\u9054\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u578b\u983b\u5ea6\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u96c6\u56e3\u306b\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570F\u3067\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u304c\u9032\u3080\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u30d8\u30c6\u30ed\u63a5\u5408\u4f53\u306e\u983b\u5ea6\u304c\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\uff0c\u5909\u308f\u3063\u3066\u30db\u30e2\u63a5\u5408\u4f53\u306e\u983b\u5ea6\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n2pq\u306e\u30d8\u30c6\u30ed\u63a5\u5408\u4f53\u304c\uff0cF\u306e\u5272\u5408\u3060\u3051\u30db\u30e2\u63a5\u5408\u4f53\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\uff0cAa\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u578b\u983b\u5ea6\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<br \/>\nf(Aa)\uff1d2pq\uff0d2pqF\uff1d2pq(1\uff0dF)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u5909\u5316\" src=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Relationships02.jpg\" width=\"418\" height=\"162\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u521d\u3081\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u983b\u5ea6p\uff1d0.6\u3068q\uff1d0.4\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u3092F\uff1d0.7\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u578b\u983b\u5ea6\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Relationships03.jpg\" width=\"428\" height=\"118\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u7d04\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u306b\u3088\u308a\uff0c<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u30d8\u30c6\u30ed\u63a5\u5408\u4f53\u306e\u983b\u5ea6\u304c2pqF\u306e\u5272\u5408\u3067\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5404\u30db\u30e2\u63a5\u5408\u4f53\u306e\u983b\u5ea6\u304c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308cpqF\u305a\u3064\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u983b\u5ea6\u306f\u5909\u5316\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u304c\u6700\u5927(F\uff1d1)\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\uff0c\u96c6\u56e3\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u30db\u30e2\u63a5\u5408\u4f53\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0cAA\u304cp\uff0caa\u304cq\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u304c\u6700\u5c0f(F\uff1d0)\u3067\u7121\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ea4\u914d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\uff0c\u30cf\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30fb\u30ef\u30a4\u30f3\u30d9\u30eb\u30b0\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a name=\"Inbreeding_Depression\"><\/a><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>13-5\uff0e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u9000\u5316<\/h2>\n<p>\u524d\u51fa\u306e\u8868\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u8fd1\u4ea4\u9000\u5316\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30db\u30e2\u63a5\u5408\u4f53aa\u304c\u500b\u4f53\u306b\u6709\u5bb3\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u3068\u3059\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u3092\u3082\u3064\u500b\u4f53\u306f\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u306b\u4f34\u3044pqF\u306e\u5272\u5408\u3067\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u4ed6\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u4e0a\u306b\u3042\u308b\u6709\u5bb3\u306a\u30db\u30e2\u63a5\u5408\u4f53\u306e\u983b\u5ea6\u3082\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u983b\u5ea6\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u304c\u5e73\u5747\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u767a\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u307b\u3093\u306e\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306a\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u306b\u6709\u5bb3\u306a\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3082\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ea4\u9000\u5316\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u4e0a\u3067\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u6975\u7aef\u306a\u8fd1\u4ea4\u9000\u5316\u306f\u8d77\u3053\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u30db\u30e2\u63a5\u5408\u4f53aa\u306e\u983b\u5ea6\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u6709\u5bb3\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\uff0c\u30db\u30e2\u63a5\u5408\u4f53AA\u306e\u983b\u5ea6\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u751f\u3058\u308b\u6709\u76ca\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u57cb\u3081\u5408\u308f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u5bb3\u3067\u52a3\u6027\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u30db\u30e2\u63a5\u5408\u4f53\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306f\uff0c\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u983b\u5ea6\u304c\u5206\u308c\u3070\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\uff0c\u30a6\u30b7\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5358\u8e44\u306e\u52a3\u6027\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u983b\u5ea6\u3092q\uff1d1\/100\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c<br \/>\n\u30cf\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30fb\u30ef\u30a4\u30f3\u30d9\u30eb\u30b0\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u5358\u8e44\u306e\u5b50\u725b\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u308b\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306fq<sup>2<\/sup>\uff1d1\/10000\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044(\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f1\/2)\u9593\u3067\u4ea4\u914d\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u4ee3\u306e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u306fF\uff1d1\/4\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u524d\u51fa\u306e\u8868\u306b\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u306b\u3068\u3082\u306a\u3044\u52a3\u6027\u30db\u30e2\u63a5\u5408\u4f53\u306e\u983b\u5ea6\u306fq<sup>2<\/sup>(1\uff0dF)\uff0bqF\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u304a\u3088\u305d26\/10000\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u8840\u7e01\u306e\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u540c\u58eb\u306e\u4ea4\u914d\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\uff0c\u5168\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044\u4ea4\u914d\u3067\u751f\u307e\u308c\u3066\u304f\u308b\u5358\u8e44\u306e\u5b50\u725b\u306e\u5371\u967a\u7387\u306f26\u500d\u306b\u3082\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\u30db\u30e2\u63a5\u5408\u6027\u306e\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30db\u30e2\u63a5\u5408\u6027\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6e1b\u5c11\u3059\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u578b\u306b\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3002\u4ea4\u914d\u6cd5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u5f8c\u3067\u5b66\u3076\u304c\uff0c\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u3053\u3053\u306b\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u306f\u6709\u5bb3\u306a\u52a3\u6027\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u304c\u767a\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u5897\u5927\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u6709\u5bb3\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u3067\u305f\u500b\u4f53\u3084\u30ad\u30e3\u30ea\u30a2\u30fc\u3092\u6dd8\u6c70\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u6709\u5bb3\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u983b\u5ea6\u3092\u6e1b\u5c11\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\u9593\u306e\u4ea4\u914d\u304b\u3089\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b<b>\u7cfb\u7d71\u9593\u4ea4\u914d<\/b>\u00a0line cross \u306f\u5927\u62b5\u30db\u30e2\u578b\u63a5\u5408\u4f53\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u5ea7\u3092\u3082\u3061\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u512a\u6027\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u767a\u73fe\u3059\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u975e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\u3088\u308a\u512a\u308c\u305f\u5f62\u8cea\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u306f\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u5f62\u8cea\u3092\u56fa\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\uff0c\u307e\u305f\u5747\u4e00\u6027\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\uff0c\u975e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\u306e\u5b50\u306f\u826f\u304f\u89aa\u306b\u4f3c\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u975e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\u306e\u89aa\u3068\u5b50\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f1\/2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\u306e\u89aa\u3068\u5b50\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f(1\uff0bF)\/2\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u540c\u69d8\u306b\uff0c\u7236\u7cfb\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6bcd\u7cfb\u534a\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u975e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e1\/4\u306b\u5bfe\u3057(1\uff0bF)\/4\uff0c\u5168\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u540c\u3058\u304f1\/2\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u7247\u89aa\u304c\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u5168\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044\u306f(1\/2\uff0bF\/4)\uff0c\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4e21\u89aa\u3068\u3082\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\uff08\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308cF<sub>S<\/sub>\u3068F<sub>D<\/sub>\uff09\u3060\u304c\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u540c\u3058\u304f1\/2\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\uff3b1\/2\uff0b(F<sub>S<\/sub>\uff0bF<sub>D<\/sub>)\/4\uff3d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u306a\u3044\u500b\u4f53\u306e\u4ea4\u914d\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5e38\u306b\u975e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\u306e\u5b50\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4e21\u89aa\u304c\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u5b50\u306f\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a name=\"Computing_Relationships\"><\/a><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>13-6\uff0e\u5f84\u8def\u4fc2\u6570\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u3089\u3073\u306b\u8fd1\u4ea4\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u7ae0\u306e\u521d\u3081\u306b\u793a\u3057\u305f\u4f8b\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\uff0c\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u306b\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Relationships002.gif\" width=\"408\" height=\"61\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u76f4\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u5148\u306e\u4f8b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u500b\u4f53A\u3068\u500b\u4f53G\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2a<sub>AG<\/sub>\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u500b\u4f53G\u3068\u500b\u4f53A\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306e\u4e16\u4ee3\u6570(\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u6570)\u3092\u6570\u3048\u308b\u3002<br \/>\nn<sub><big>G<\/big>FCA<\/sub>\uff1d3<br \/>\nn<sub><big>G<\/big>EA<\/sub>\uff1d2<br \/>\nn<sub>GEDA<\/sub>\uff1d3<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\uff0c<br \/>\na<sub>AG<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>n<small>GFCA<\/small><\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>A<\/sub>)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>n<small>GEA<\/small><\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>A<\/sub>)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>n<small>GEDA<\/small><\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>A<\/sub>)<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\uff0cFA\u30920\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u5148\u306e\u4f8b\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<br \/>\na<sub>AG<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>2<\/sup>\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>\uff1d 1\/2<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u3044\u307e\uff0c\u3053\u3053\u3067F<sub>A<\/sub>\u30920.5\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c<br \/>\na<sub>AG<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>n<small>GFCA<\/small><\/sup>(1\uff0b0.5)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>n<small>GEA<\/small><\/sup>(1\uff0b0.5)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>n<small>GEDA<\/small><\/sup>(1\uff0b0.5)<br \/>\n\uff1d3\/4<br \/>\n\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u508d\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u5148\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u500b\u4f53F\u3068E\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u500b\u4f53F\u304b\u3089\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148A\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u500b\u4f53E\u307e\u3067\u306e\u4e16\u4ee3\u6570\u3092\u6570\u3048\u308b\u30022\u3064\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u7d4c\u8def\u304c\u3042\u308a\uff0c<br \/>\nn<sub>FCA<\/sub>\uff0bn<sub>AE<\/sub>\uff1d3<br \/>\nn<sub>FCA<\/sub>\uff0bn<sub>ADE<\/sub>\uff1d4<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\uff0c<br \/>\na<sub>AF<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>A<\/sub>)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>A<\/sub>)<\/p>\n<p>FA\uff1d0\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\uff0c<br \/>\na<sub>AF<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\n\uff1d3\/16<\/p>\n<p>FA\uff1d0.5\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\uff0c<br \/>\na<sub>AF<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>(1\uff0b0.5)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>(1\uff0b0.5)<br \/>\n\uff1d9\/32<br \/>\n\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\u500b\u4f53\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7d44\u6210\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3092\u4ecb\u3059\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u548c\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table border=\"\">\n<tbody>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#FF80FF\">\u91cd\u8981<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#C0C0C0\">\u7d4c\u8def\u304c\u72ec\u7acb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u898f\u5247\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u3042\u308b\u500b\u4f53\u306f1\u7d4c\u8def\u306b\u3064\u304d1\u56de\u3060\u3051\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76f4\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u3055\u304b\u306e\u307c\u3063\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ecb\u5728\u3059\u308b\u500b\u4f53\u306e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\u7121\u8996\u3057\uff0c\u5404\u7d4c\u8def\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u306e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u3060\u3051\u3092\u8003\u616e\u306b\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4f8b\u984c13-2a\uff0e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u793a\u3057\u305f\u5168\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044\u306e\u4ea4\u914d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Relationships005.gif\" width=\"275\" height=\"68\" \/><\/p>\n<p>a<sub>GE<\/sub>\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148C\uff0cD\uff0cA\uff0c\u306a\u3089\u3073\u306bB\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\uff0c1\u3064\u306e\u76f4\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u30686\u3064\u306e\u508d\u7cfb\u89aa\u65cf\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u7cfb\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u306f\uff0cn<sub>GE<\/sub>\uff1d1\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u508d\u7cfb\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u306f\uff0c<\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_3442\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Relationships04.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3442\" src=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Relationships04-300x172.jpg\" alt=\"\u508d\u7cfb\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\" width=\"300\" height=\"172\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3442\" srcset=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Relationships04-300x172.jpg 300w, \/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Relationships04.jpg 374w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3442\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u508d\u7cfb\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b<\/p><\/div><br \/>\n\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\uff0c<br \/>\na<sub>GE<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>1<\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>E<\/sub>)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>C<\/sub>)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>D<\/sub>)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>5<\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>A<\/sub>)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>5<\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>B<\/sub>)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>5<\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>A<\/sub>)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>5<\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>B<\/sub>)<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u304c\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u56f3\u304b\u3089F<sub>E<\/sub>\uff1d1\/4\u3068\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\uff0c<br \/>\na<sub>GE<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)(1\uff0b1\/4)\uff0b1\/8\uff0b1\/8\uff0b1\/32\uff0b1\/32\uff0b1\/32\uff0b1\/32\uff1d1<\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3067\u3042\u308b\u500b\u4f53A\u3068B\u304c\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\uff0ca<sub>GE<\/sub>\u306fF<sub>A<\/sub>\u3068F<sub>B<\/sub>\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\na<sub>GA<\/sub>\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\uff0c4\u3064\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u304c\u3042\u308a\uff0c<br \/>\nn<sub>GECA<\/sub>\uff1d3<br \/>\nn<sub>GEDA<\/sub>\uff1d3<br \/>\nn<sub>GFCA<\/sub>\uff1d3<br \/>\nn<sub>GFDA<\/sub>\uff1d3<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\uff0c<br \/>\na<sub>GA<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>A<\/sub>)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>A<\/sub>)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>A<\/sub>)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>A<\/sub>)<br \/>\n\uff1d4(1\/2)<sup>3<\/sup>(1\uff0bF<sub>A<\/sub>)<br \/>\n\u3068\u8a08\u7b97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p><b>\u201c\u3042\u308b\u500b\u4f53\u306e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4e21\u89aa\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u4fc2\u6570\u306e1\/2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u3042\u308b\u500b\u4f53X\u306e\u89aa\u3092S<sub>X<\/sub>\u3068D<sub>X<\/sub>\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c<br \/>\nF<sub>X<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)a<sub>S<small>X<\/small>D<small><\/small>X<\/sub><br \/>\n\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u7d4c\u8def\u4fc2\u6570\u6cd5\u3067\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\uff0c<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u305f\u3069\u3063\u3066\u4e21\u89aa\u306e\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u305d\u306e1\/2\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u5148\u306e\u5168\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3067\u500b\u4f53E\u306e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570F<sub>E<\/sub>\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>a<sub>CD<\/sub>\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\na<sub>CD<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>n<small>CA<\/small>+n<small>AD<\/small><\/sup>(1+F<sub>A<\/sub>)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>n<small>CB<\/small>+n<small>BD<\/small><\/sup>(1+F<sub>B<\/sub>)\u3044\u307e\uff0cF<sub>A<\/sub>\uff1d0\uff0cF<sub>B<\/sub>\uff1d0\u3068\u3059\u308c\u3070\uff0c<br \/>\na<sub>CD<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>2<\/sup>\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>2<\/sup><br \/>\n\uff1d1\/2<\/li>\n<li>F<sub>E<\/sub>\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\nF<sub>E<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)a<sub>CD<\/sub><br \/>\n\uff1d(1\/2)(1\/2)\uff1d1\/4<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u6b21\u306e\u4f8b\u984c\u3067\u306f\uff0cF<sub>G<\/sub>\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u984c13-2b\uff0e\u5171\u901a\u5148\u7956\u306e1\u500b\u4f53\u304c\u8fd1\u4ea4\u7cfb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\u77e2\u7dda\u56f3\u306f\u5148\u307b\u3069\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306e3\u4e16\u4ee3\u306e\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3060\u3044\u4ea4\u914d\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\uff0c\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f<b>F<sub>A<\/sub>\uff1d1\/4<\/b>\u3068\u4eee\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Relationships005.gif\" width=\"275\" height=\"68\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u500b\u4f53G\u306e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570F<sub>G<\/sub>\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u500b\u4f53G\u306e\u4e21\u89aa\u9593\u306e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2a<sub>EF<\/sub>\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>E\u3068F\u306b\u306f4\u982d\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148A\uff0cB\uff0cC\uff0cD\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u500b\u4f53E\u3068F\u9593\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u500b\u4f53A\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u305f2\u3064\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u3068\uff0c\u500b\u4f53B\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u305f2\u3064\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u304c\u3042\u308a\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>\u3055\u3089\u306b\u500b\u4f53C\u3068D\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c1\u3064\u305a\u3064\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b6\u3064\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/text\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Relationships05.jpg\" width=\"371\" height=\"215\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\uff0c<br \/>\na<sub>EF<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)<sup>4<\/sup>(1+1\/4)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>4<\/sup>(1+1\/4)\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>4<\/sup>\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>4<\/sup>\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>2<\/sup>\uff0b(1\/2)<sup>2<\/sup><br \/>\n\uff1d25\/32<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>\u500b\u4f53G\u306e\u8fd1\u4ea4\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\uff0c<br \/>\nF<sub>G<\/sub>\uff1d(1\/2)a<sub>EF<\/sub>\uff1d25\/64<br \/>\n\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"\/text\/?page_id=1281\">\u6700\u521d\u306b\u623b\u308b<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<table border=\"1\" align=\"right\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"middle\"><b>\u30e1\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3078\u623b\u308b<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"\/text\/#Reproduction\">\u5bb6\u755c\u7e41\u6b96\u5b66<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/text\/#Breeding_and_Genetics\">\u5bb6\u755c\u80b2\u7a2e\u5b66<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/text\/#References\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>March 02, 2020<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>13\uff0e\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d \u3053\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u5185\u5bb9 \u5171\u901a\u306e\u7956\u5148\uff0d\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2 \u8840\u7e01\u4fc2\u6570 \u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d \u8fd1\u89aa\u4ea4\u914d\u3068\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u578b\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u5909\u5316 \u8fd1\u4ea4\u9000\u5316 \u5f84\u8def\u4fc2\u6570\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u3089\u3073\u306b\u8fd1\u4ea4\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u4f8b \u8840\u7e01\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8ad6\u3058\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u6700\u3082\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":183,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1281","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marimo3take.wafflecell.com\/text\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1281","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marimo3take.wafflecell.com\/text\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marimo3take.wafflecell.com\/text\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marimo3take.wafflecell.com\/text\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marimo3take.wafflecell.com\/text\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1281"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/marimo3take.wafflecell.com\/text\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1281\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2040,"href":"https:\/\/marimo3take.wafflecell.com\/text\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1281\/revisions\/2040"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marimo3take.wafflecell.com\/text\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marimo3take.wafflecell.com\/text\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1281"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}